These games presumably have a common origin, since the details, including even the effects of the special cards are similar, and to judge from the correspondence I have received, they probably originated in North America in the mid 20th century, even though they are not documented in the card game manuals of that period.
These are adding games, in which the values of the cards are added together as they played in a single pile, the object being to avoid taking the total above the target score (98, 99, 100 respectively). This page is based on contributions from several players.
